My blog Acosta Juan 502
martes, 2 de abril de 2013
miércoles, 20 de marzo de 2013
miércoles, 13 de marzo de 2013
Task 8
Maybe / perhaps
In British English both of these adverbs are still
very commonly used and have the same meaning. You use them to say that
something is possible or may be true, but you are not certain.
They can be used interchangeably but of the two, maybe
is very appropriate for more informal contexts and perhaps is used in more
formal situations. Compare the following:
I can't find it anywhere. ~ Perhaps / Maybe you threw
it away.
How old is Jane? ~ I don't really know. In her
twenties, certainly. Twenty-five, maybe.
There were perhaps as many as fifty badly wounded
soldiers in the hospital.
Perhaps I should explain to you how they came to be
there.
St Paul's Cathedral is perhaps one of London's most
prominent landmarks.
Why don't you join us for the New Year celebrations? ~
Yeah, perhaps / maybe I will.
Maybe you are right! Perhaps it would be best if you
didn't invite Johnnie
Note that perhaps is pronounced 'praps'. Note also
from the above illustrations that perhaps and maybe can be used to refer to
past, present or future events.
May / might
Similarly, we can use the modal auxiliaries may or
might to say that there is a chance that something is true or may happen. May
and might are used to talk about present or future events. They can normally be
used interchangeably, although might may suggest a smaller chance of something
happening. Compare the following:
I may go into town tomorrow for the Christmas sales.
And James might come with me!
What are you doing over the New Year, Ann? ~ Oh, I may
go to Scotland, but there again, I might stay at home.
If you go to bed early tonight, you may / might feel
better tomorrow.
If you went to bed early tonight, you might feel
better tomorrow.
One of my New Year resolutions is to go to the gym
twice a week! ~ And pigs might fly!
Note that 'Pigs might fly' is a fixed expression and
always uses might. It means that something will never happen.
In the first conditional example, will perhaps could
be substituted.
If you go to bed early tonight, you may / might feel
better tomorrow.
In the second conditional example, where might is an
alternative for would perhaps, may cannot be substituted.
If you went to bed early tonight, you might feel
better tomorrow.
When we talk about mixed conditionals, we are
referring to conditional sentences that combine two different types of
conditional patterns. These combinations are not all that frequent, but the
most common combination is when we have a type 3 conditional in the if-clause
(if + past perfect) followed by a type 2 conditional (would + infinitive) in
the main clause.
Mixed third / second conditional
With this combination we are contrasting an imagined
or real event in the past with the present result of that. Consider these
examples:
If he'd taken
the medication as prescribed, he wouldn't still be lying sick in bed.
If she'd taken
reasonable precautions, she wouldn't be pregnant now.
If he hadn't run after the car thief and suffered a
heart attack, he'd probably be alive today.
Note that we
can also convey the same idea of past event and present result by using type 3
conditional (if + past perfect, would've + past participle) in both clauses
If he'd taken
the medication as the doctor ordered, he would've recovered by now.
If she'd taken
reasonable precautions, she wouldn't have got herself pregnant.
If he hadn't
run after the car thief and suffered a heart attack, he wouldn't have collapsed
and died.
Note that we
use this type of conditional when we regret past action or inaction.
Mixed second / third conditional
The other possibility, though I think this is less
common, is when we have a type 2 conditional in the if-clause (if + past
simple) followed by a type 3 conditional (would've + past participle) in the
main clause.
With this
combination, we are describing ongoing circumstances in relation to a previous
past event. Consider these examples:
If you weren't
such a poor dancer, you would've got a job in the chorus line in that musical.
If you weren't so blind to his faults, you would've
realised that he was out to swindle you.
He's old enough
to come home by himself, but can you just see him across the busy road?
First conditional
if + present
simple, will + infinitive:
If I wait for
Jane, I'll be late for school
This is the pattern that we most frequently associate
with the first conditional, referring to future possibility or probability. But
note that other patterns are also possible: we can have a modal verb, typically
can, may or should, in the if-clause or main clause, as well as going to future
or present continuous future. Present perfect is also possible in the
if-clause. Consider these examples:
If you can't understand the instructions, you'll never
be able to assemble the wardrobe.
If I give you
ten pounds, could you get me some wine at the supermarket?
If you've
finished the work I gave you, you may go home now.
If the
weather's good on Sunday, we're going to have a picnic in Hyde Park.
If you're going to write him a cheque, make sure
there's enough money in your account to cover it.
If you're
coming clubbing with us tonight, you'd better get ready now.
In this final
example, note that had better is not a past tense. It refers to the immediate
future and we use it to give strong advice as the preferred alternative to
must, ought to or should.
if you should… / if you happen to…
Note that we
use should in the if-clause in the first conditional if we want to suggest that
something is very unlikely. We can use happen to in a similar way or even
combine them:
If you should / happen to change your mind about
coming to the beach tomorrow, give me a ring.
I don't expect
him to, but if he should happen to show up, whatever you do, don't let him in!
Task 7
1.- Tobacco is the leading cause of lung disease.
2.- Smoking is also linked to heart disease, stroke and many kinds of cancer.
3.- So-called light or low-tar cigarettes are no safer.
4.- Smokeless tobacco and cigars also have been linked to cancer.
5.- The World Health Organization estimates that almost five-million people a year die from the effects of smoking.
6.- At current rates of growth, the WHO says tobacco use will kill more than eight-million people a year by 2020.
7.- Studies have found that nicotine can be as powerful as alcohol or cocaine.
8.- Nicotine is a poison.
9.- But it also is the major substance in cigarettes that gives pleasure to smokers.
10.- The body grows to depend on nicotine.
11.- When a former smoker smokes a cigarette, the nicotine reaction may start again, forcing the person to keep smoking.
12.- So experts say it is better not to start smoking and become dependent on nicotine than it is to smoke with the idea of stopping later.
miércoles, 27 de febrero de 2013
Task 5
1.- This quiz was written very quickly.
2.- This qui was designed for learners of English as a second lenguage.
3.- That movie has been seen by many people.
4.- The accident happened last Tuesday.
5.- My car was stolen yesterday.
6.- The thieves were caught by the police.
7.- The San Diego Zoo is visited by millions of people every year.
8.- Housing prices were rising rapidly. Now ther are going down.
9.-The mail was delivered late yesterday.
10.- My car was made in Japan.
1.- The fan was cleaned by the students.
2.- The letter was mailed by Marylin.
3.- The hot-dog was eaten by me.
4.- The songs were sung so loud.
5.- The ballots have been consisted.
6.- The flowers have been send by a secret person.
7.- The pijama has been used since 2007.
8.- The basketball was played by Alex.
9.- The slippers have been burned by my mom.
10.- The basketball shot was taken by Kobe.
lunes, 11 de febrero de 2013
Task 4
Your score is:
100%.
You have
completed the exercise.
Show questions
one by one
1. Many
species of wildlife are becoming extinct, __________ the rainforests are being
destroyed.
therefore
since
so
consequently
2. __________
logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
So
Consequently
Due to
Since
3. Hemp can be
used to make paper, __________ it could reduce the need for logging.
therefore
so
due to
because
4. Hemp was
grown throughout history __________ its versatility; it can be used to make
many different things.
due to
because
since
as a result
5. Hemp is
related to the marijuana plant; __________, it is illegal in many countries.
so
because
due to
as a
result
6. Hemp cannot
be used to produce marijuana, __________ its low THC content.
because
as
because of
consequently
7. Marijuana
is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. __________, some people believe it
should be legalized.
So
Therefore
Due to
Because
8. __________ Canada
has legalized hemp farming, we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from
hemp very soon.
? Therefore
?
Due to
? So
As
Your score is: 100%.
You have completed the exercise.
Show questions one by one
Link the
following two sentences using "because":
Hemp is
related to the marijuana plant.
It is illegal.
Hemp is illegal because it is related to the marijuana plant.
Link the
following sentences using "as a result":
In the last
ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut.
142 species of
salmon have become extinct.
In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut; as a result,
142 species of salmon have become extinct.
Link the
following sentences using "since":
Forestry is
important to Canada.
It generates a
lot of export income.
Forestry is important to Canada since it generates a lot of export
income.
Link the
following sentences using "therefore":
Some people
believe marijuana should be legal.
Marijuana is
less toxic than alcohol or tobacco.
Marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco; therefore, some people
believe marijuana should be legal.
Link the
following sentences using "due to" (you will have to change one of
the sentences into a noun phrase):
Many species
in BC are threatened.
Logging
is taking place.
Many species
in BC are threatened due to logging.
1. Karen
is rich; ___, her cousin Kate is poor.
a. therefore
b. however
c. otherwise
2. You'd
better take a taxi. ___, you'll arrive late.
a. Consequently
b. Furthermore
c. Otherwise
3. I
enjoy reading this new magazine. ___, it has good articles.
a. Moreover
b. Nevertheless
c. However
4. Jack
wasn't tired. ___, he took a nap.
a. Otherwise
b. Hence
c. Nevertheless
5. Phil
was not thirsty; ___, he drank five glasses of water.
a. however
b. moreover
c. furthermore
6. The
kids didn't study. ___, they failed the course.
a. Therefore
b. Nonetheless
c. Otherwise
7. The
weather was terrible. ___, we decided to delay our trip.
a. Furthermore
b. Besides
c. Therefore
8. You
must buy the tickets; ___, we won't be able to see that play.
a. otherwise
b. although
c. besides
9. The
neighborhood isn't very interesting. I like the house, ___.
a. moreover
b. thus
c. though
10. We
live in the same building; ___, we hardly see each other.
a. however
b. therefore
c. furthermore
11. He
didn't earn enough money. ___, his wife decided to get a job.
a. Moreover
b. Therefore
c. Although
12. That
house isn't big enough for us, and ___, it's too expensive.
a. furthermore
b. hence
c. although
13. We
have plenty of money and workers; ___, we hope to finish the house remodeling
soon.
a. nevertheless
b. unless
c. thus
14. She's
extremely rich; ___, she's not snobbish.
a. hence
b. however
c. otherwise
15. It
was a windy and rainy night. ___, I decided to go out.
a. nevertheless
b. otherwise
c. hence
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